Condensed cyclic compound and organic light-emitting device including the same

ABSTRACT

A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device, the condensed cyclic compound being represented by one of the following Formulae 1 or 2:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2014-0046934, filed on Apr. 18, 2014,and 10-2015-0048327, filed on Apr. 6, 2015, in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, and entitled: “Condensed Cyclic Compound and OrganicLight-Emitting Device Including the Same,” are incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Embodiments relate to a condensed cyclic compound and an organiclight-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, and produce full-color images.

The organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode disposedon a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, anelectron transport region, and a second electrode, which aresequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from thefirst electrode may move toward the emission layer through the holetransport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode maymove toward the emission layer through the electron transport region.Carriers, such as holes and electrons, are recombined in the emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons change from an excited stateto a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to a condensed cyclic compound and an organiclight-emitting device including the same.

One or more embodiments provide a condensed cyclic compound representedby Formulae 1 or 2:

wherein in Formulae 1, 2, 8-1, and 8-2,

X₁₁ is selected from a sulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom, and N(R₁₇);

X₂₁ is selected from a sulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom, and N(R₂₇);

R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group;

R₂₁ is a group represented by Formula 8-2;

R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ are each independently selected from a grouprepresented by Formula 8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group;

at least one selected from R₁₂ to R₁₆ is the group represented byFormula 8-1;

at least one selected from R₂₂ to R₂₆ is the group represented byFormula 8-1;

L₈₁ and L₈₂ may be each independently a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a81 and a82 are each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

R₈₁ to R₈₄ are each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

optionally, N, R₈₁, and R₈₂ may form a carbazole;

optionally, N, R₈₃, and R₈₄ may form a carbazole; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

One or more embodiments provide an organic light-emitting deviceincluding: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layerbetween the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layerincluding an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes thecondensed cyclic compound.

One or more embodiments provide a substrate having a first sub-pixelregion, a second sub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixel region;

a first electrode disposed on each of the first sub-pixel region, thesecond sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixel region of thesubstrate;

a second electrode facing the first electrode;

an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode;and

a hole transport region between the emission layer and the firstelectrode,

wherein the hole transport region includes the condensed cycliccompound.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing indetail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device according to another embodiment; and

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic sectional view of a full-color organiclight-emitting device according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied indifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may beexaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals referto like elements throughout.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise.

It will be further understood that variations of the terms “includes,”“including,” “comprises” and/or “comprising” used herein specify thepresence of stated features or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features or components.

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component isreferred to as being “on” or “onto” another layer, region, or component,it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, orcomponent. F example, intervening layers, regions, or components may bepresent.

The wording “an (organic layer) includes a condensed cyclic compoundrepresented by Formulae 1 or 2” used herein may be interpreted as a casein which an “(organic layer) may include either identical condensedcyclic compounds represented by Formulae 1 or 2, or different condensedcyclic compounds represented by Formulae 1 or 2.” In this regard,different condensed cyclic compounds may be included in an identicallayer (for example, two compounds may all be included in an emissionauxiliary layer), or included in different layers (for example, onecompound of the two compounds is included in an emission auxiliarylayer, and the other compound may be included in a hole transportlayer.)

The term “organic layer” used herein refers to a single layer and/or aplurality of layers disposed between a first electrode and a secondelectrode of the organic light-emitting device. A material included inthe “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

A condensed cyclic compound according to an exemplary embodiment may berepresented by one of the following Formulae 1 or 2. In Formula 2, R₂₁may be, e.g., a group represented by the following Formula 8-2. InFormulae 1 and 2, at least one selected from R₁₂ to R₁₆ may be, e.g., agroup represented by Formula 8-1; and at least one selected from R₂₂ toR₂₆ may be, e.g., a group represented by Formula 8-1.

X₁₁ in Formula 1 may be selected from, e.g., a sulfur (S) atom, anoxygen (O) atom, and N(R₁₇), and R₁₇ will be explained in detail below.

In Formula 2, X₂₁ may be selected from, e.g., a sulfur atom, an oxygenatom, and N(R₂₇), and R₂₇ will be explained in detail below.

R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may each independently be selectedfrom or include, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be selected from or include a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In an implementation, R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, a hexyl group, aheptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group,an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); in which Q₃₃ to Q₃₅may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), in whichQ₃₃ to Q₃₅ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupand a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 5-1 to 5-10.

Wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-10,

Y₅₁ may be selected from, e.g., C(R₅₃)(R₅₄), Si(R₅₃)(R₅₄), N(R₅₃), O,and S;

R₅₁ to R₅₄ may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅);

Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may each independently be selected from a methyl group, anethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group;

a51 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

a52 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7;

a53 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

a54 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3;

a55 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In an implementation, R₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 6-1 to 6-59.

Wherein, in Formulae 6-1 to 6-59,

t-Bu indicates a tert-butyl group;

Ph indicates a phenyl group; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In an implementation, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 mayeach independently be selected from or include, e.g., a grouprepresented by Formula 8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 may eachindependently be selected from or include a group represented by Formula8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In an implementation, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 mayeach independently be selected from, e.g.,

a group represented by Formula 8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group,pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonylgroup, a decyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinylgroup, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylgroup, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinylgroup, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group,a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group,an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); in which Q₃₃ to Q₃₅may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 mayeach independently be selected from, e.g.,

a group represented by Formula 8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, anda dibenzosilolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), in whichQ₃₃ to Q₃₅ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupand a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 mayeach independently be selected from, e.g., a group represented byFormula 8-1, a hydrogen, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In an implementation, R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ in Formulae 1 and 2 mayeach independently be selected from, e.g., a group represented byFormula 8-1 and a hydrogen.

For example, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, or R₁₆ in Formula 1 may be a grouprepresented by Formula 8-1.

In an implementation, R₁₂ in Formula 1 may be, e.g., a group representedby Formula 8-1.

In an implementation, R₁₅ in Formula 1 may be, e.g., a group representedby Formula 8-1.

For example, R₂₂, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, or R₂₆ in Formula 2 may be a grouprepresented by Formula 8-1.

In an implementation, R₂₅ in Formula 2 may be, e.g., a group representedby Formula 8-1.

L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may each independently be selectedfrom or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may each independentlybe selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and animidazopyridinyl group.

In an implementation, L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a triphenylenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, afuranylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, apyrimidinylene group, an indolylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a naphthyridinylenegroup, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, abenzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a triazolylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, and adibenzothiophenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a triphenylenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, afuranylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, apyrimidinylene group, an indolylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a naphthyridinylenegroup, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, abenzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a triazolylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, and adibenzothiophenylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group and a triazinyl group.

In an implementation, L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 3-1 to 3-11.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-11,

R₃₁ to R₃₃ may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a31 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;

a32 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

a33 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8;

a34 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

a35 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3;

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In an implementation, L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 4-1 to 4-14.

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-14, each * and *′ indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.

a81 in Formula 8-1 indicates the number of L₈₁ (s), and may be selectedfrom 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a81 is 0, (L₈₁)_(a81) indicates a single bond.When a81 is 2 or more, a plurality of L₈₁ may be identical or different.For example, a81 in Formula 8-1 may be selected from 0 and 1.

a82 in Formula 8-2 indicates the number of L₈₂ (s), and may be selectedfrom 0, 1, 2, and 3. When a82 is 0, (L₈₂)_(a82) indicates a single bond.When a82 a81 is 2 or more, a plurality of L₈₂ may be identical ordifferent. For example, a82 in Formula 8-2 may be selected from 0 and 1.

R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may each independently be selectedfrom or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may each independentlybe selected from or include a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In an implementation, R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group,an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group,an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolylgroup, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, benzoa quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); in which Q₃₃ to Q₃₅may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolylgroup; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a dibenzosilolylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a Spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), in whichQ₃₃ to Q₃₅ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupand a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 5-1 to 5-10.

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-10,

Y₅₁ may be selected from, e.g., C(R₅₃)(R₅₄), Si(R₅₃)(R₅₄), N(R₅₃), O,and S;

R₅₁ to R₅₄ may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅);

Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may each independently be selected from, e.g., a methylgroup, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and anaphthyl group;

a51 may be selected from, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

a52 may be selected from, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7;

a53 may be selected from, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

a54 may be selected from, e.g., 1, 2, and 3;

a55 may be selected from, e.g., 1, 2, 3, and 4;

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In an implementation, R₈₁ to R₈₄ in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 may eachindependently be, e.g., a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 6-1 to 6-59.

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-59,

t-Bu indicates a tert-butyl group;

Ph indicates a phenyl group; and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In an implementation, N, R₈₁, and R₈₂ in Formula 8-1 may be bound toform a carbazole group.

In an implementation, N, R₈₃, and R₈₄ in Formula 8-2 may be bound toform a carbazole group.

* in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2 indicates a binding site to a neighboringatom.

In an implementation, the condensed cyclic compound represented byFormulae 1 or 2 may be, e.g., a compound represented by one of thefollowing Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4.

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4,

X₁₁ may be selected from, e.g., a sulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom,and N(R₁₇);

X₂₁ may be selected from, e.g., a sulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom,and N(R₂₇);

R₁₁ to R₁₆, R₁₇, R₂₂ to R₂₄, R₂₆, and R₂₇ may each independently beselected from or include, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

L₈₁ and L₈₂ may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₃₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a81 and a82 may each independently be selected from, e.g., 0, 1, 2, and3; and

R₈₁ to R₈₄ may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group;

In an implementation, N, R₈₁, and R₈₂ may be bound to form a carbazolegroup.

In an implementation, N, R₈₃, and R₈₄ may be bound to form a carbazolegroup.

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

For example, R₁₁ to R₁₄, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₂₂ to R₂₄, R₂₆, R₂₇, and R₈₁ to R₈₄in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4 may each independently be a grouprepresented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-10.

For example, L₈₁ and L₈₂ in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4 may eachindependently be a group represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-11.

For example, a81 and a82 in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4 may eachindependently be selected from 0 and 1.

In an implementation, the condensed cyclic compound represented byFormulae 1 or 2 may be, e.g., one of the following Compounds 1 to 67.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 may have ahigh electron transport capability and a high hole transport capability.

For example, a second carbon of a benzothiophene, a benzofuran, or anindole may not be substituted with an amine group (see Formula 1′), andthe condensed cyclic compound may have high electric stability and highrobustness.

For example, a number of amine groups substituted to a same linker maybe controlled to be not greater than one (see Formula 1″), and electricstability of the condensed cyclic compound may be improved.

Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including the condensedcyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 may have a low drivingvoltage, high efficiency, high luminance, and a long lifespan.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 may besynthesized by using a suitable organic synthesis method. A synthesismethod for the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2may be understood in view of the Examples to be explained below.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 may be usedor included between a pair of electrodes included in an organiclight-emitting device. An embodiment may provide an organiclight-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode;and an organic layer between the first electrode and the secondelectrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein theorganic layer includes at least one of the condensed cyclic compoundsrepresented by Formulae 1 or 2.

In an implementation, the organic layer may further include a holetransport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; andthe hole transport region may include the condensed cyclic compound.

In an implementation, the organic layer may include a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; the holetransport region may include a hole transport layer; and the holetransport layer may include the condensed cyclic compound.

In an implementation; the organic layer may include a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; the holetransport region may include a hole transport layer and an emissionauxiliary layer (that is between the hole transport layer and theemission layer); and the hole transport layer may include the condensedcyclic compound.

In an implementation, the organic layer may include a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; the holetransport region may include a hole transport layer and an emissionauxiliary layer (that is between the hole transport layer and theemission layer); and the emission auxiliary layer may include thecondensed cyclic compound.

In an implementation, the organic layer may include a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; the holetransport region may include a hole transport layer and an emissionauxiliary layer (that is between the hole transport layer and theemission layer); and each of the hole transport layer and the emissionauxiliary layer may include the condensed cyclic compound. In thisregard, a condensed cyclic compound included in the hole transport layermay be the same as or different from a condensed cyclic compound theemission auxiliary layer.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, thestructure of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentand a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the firstelectrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be aglass substrate or transparent plastic substrate, each with excellentmechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode110 may be selected from materials with a high work function tofacilitate hole injection. The first electrode 110 may be a reflectiveelectrode or a transmissive electrode. The material for the firstelectrode 110 may be a transparent and highly conductive material, andexamples of such a material may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indiumzinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). When the firstelectrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflectiveelectrode, as a material for forming the first electrode, at least oneof magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium(Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or amulti-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

An organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer 160.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region 130between the first electrode and the emission layer. The organic layer150 may further include an electron transport region 180 between theemission layer and the second electrode.

The hole transport region 130 may include, e.g., at least one selectedfrom a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), anemission auxiliary layer 140, and an electron blocking layer (EBL). Theelectron transport region 180 may include, e.g., at least one selectedfrom a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), andan electron injection layer (EIL).

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed ofa single material, a single-layered structure formed of a plurality ofdifferent materials, or a multi-layered structure having a plurality oflayers formed of a plurality of different materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structureof hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of holeinjection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, astructure of hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer, or astructure of hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, whereinlayers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the firstelectrode 110 in this stated order.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the holeinjection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 by usingvarious methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, aLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging.

When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, for example,the vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of a depositiontemperature of about 100 to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and/or at a deposition rate of about 0.01 toabout 100 Å/sec in consideration of a compound for a hole injectionlayer to be deposited, and the structure of a hole injection layer to beformed.

When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coatingmay be performed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000rpm, and/or at a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C. in considerationof a compound for a hole injection layer to be deposited, and thestructure of a hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole transport region includes a hole transport layer, the holetransport layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the holeinjection layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spincoating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole transport layer is formedby vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditionsfor the hole transport layer may be the same as the deposition andcoating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include the compound represented byFormulae 1 or 2 and/or may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA,TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, α-NPB, TAPC,HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (PANI/CSA),(polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compoundrepresented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula202 below.

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein in connection with L₈₁;

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein in connection with R₁₁;

In some embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group,a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group,an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2;

xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

A first hole transport compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A.

For example, the first hole transport compound represented by Formula201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1 below.

For example, the first hole transport compound represented by Formula202 may be represented by Formula 202A below.

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ in Formulae 201A, 201A-1and 202A are already described in detail above, and R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may beunderstood by referring to the description provided herein in connectionwith R₂₀₃, and R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₆ may each independently be selected from ahydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ in Formulae 201A, 201A-1 and 202A may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluolenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluolenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa3 may each independently be 0 or 1;

R₂₀₃, R₂₁₁, and R₂₁₂ may each independently be selected from:

a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group; and

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may each independently be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group; and

R₂₁₅ and R₂₁₆ may each independently be selected from:

a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or asalt thereof,

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xa5 is 1 or 2.

In an implementation, R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ in Formulae 201A, and 201A-1 maybind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

The compound represented by Formula 201, and/or the compound representedby Formula 202 may include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. When the holetransport region includes both a hole injection layer and a holetransport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in arange of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,000Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range ofabout 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. Whenthe thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer,and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory holetransporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or unhomogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, e.g., a p-dopant. The p-dopantmay include one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and acyano group-containing compound. Examples of the p-dopant may include aquinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); ametal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide, andCompound HT-D1 illustrated below.

In an organic light-emitting device, when the number of holes providedinto an emission layer is smaller than the number of electrons providedinto the emission layer, excitons generated in the emission layer maycollide with excess electrons. Accordingly, exciton-polaron quenchingmay occur in the emission layer and excitons in the emission layer maydissociate, leading to a decrease in efficiency in the organiclight-emitting device. Also, at high current, the difference between thenumber of holes provided and electron provided is futher increased.Accordingly, the higher the current is, the lower efficiency may beobtained. For example, a roll-off phenomenon may occur.

The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 mayfacilitate injection of holes into an emission layer from a holetransport region, thereby enhancing a charge balance inside the emissionlayer. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including thecondensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 may have highefficiency and may be less likely to experience the roll-off phenomenon.

Also, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2 mayhave good thermal stability, and the organic light-emitting deviceincluding the condensed cyclic compound may have a smaller change inefficiency depending on temperature.

An emission layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the holetransport region by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spincoating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When an emission layer is formed byvacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions forthe emission may be the same as those for the hole injection layer.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub pixel. In some embodiments, the emission layer mayhave a stacked structure of a red emission layer, a green emissionlayer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-light emissionmaterial, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emissionmaterial, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, to emitwhite light. In some embodiments, the emission layer may be a whiteemission layer, and may further include a color converting layer or acolor filter to turn white light into light of a desired color.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

The host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN, CBP,CDBP, and TCP:

In some embodiments, the host may include a compound represented byFormula 301 below.Ar₃₀₁-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb2).  <Formula 301>

Ar₃₀₁ in Formula 301 may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a Spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may be each independently selectedfrom a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

a description of L₃₀₁ may be understood by referring to the descriptionprovided in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazol group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In Formula 301,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aSpiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a Spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group.

The compound represented by Formula 301 may include at least one ofCompounds H1 to H42.

In some embodiments, the host may include at least one of Compounds H43to H49 below.

The dopant may include at least one selected from a fluorescent dopantand a phosphorescent dopant.

For example, the fluorescent dopant may include at least one selectedfrom DPAVBi, BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T.

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501below.

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a Spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorenene, a spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (in which Q₅₀₁ to Q₅₀₃ may be each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

Descriptions of L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are the same as the descriptions providedherein in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xd4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds FD1 to FD8:

For example, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometalliccomplex represented by Formula 401 below.

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os),titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium(Tb), and thulium (Tm);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom;

ring A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substitutedor unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, asubstituted or unsubstituted fluorenene, a substituted or unsubstitutedspiro-fluorenene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, a substitutedor unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, asubstituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted or unsubstitutedimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted orunsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedisoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, a substituted orunsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted or unsubstitutedquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted orunsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstitutedquinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substitutedor unsubstituted carbazol, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substitutedor unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstitutedisobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituteddibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene; and

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substitutednaphthalene, substituted fluorenene, substituted spiro-fluorenene,substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiophene,substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole,substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substituted oxazole,substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine,substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline,substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substitutedquinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazol, substitutedbenzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiophene,substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzoxazole, substitutedisobenzoxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole,substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and substituteddibenzothiophene may be selected from:

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, ora C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected froma deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),—Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂),—Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇);

L₄₀₁ may be an organic ligand;

xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3;

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₇, Q₄₁₁ to Q₄₁₇, and Q₄₂₁ to Q₄₂₇ may each independently beselected from each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group.

L₄₀₁ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. Forexample, L₄₀₁ may be selected from a halogen ligand (for example, Cl orF), a diketone ligand (for example, acetylacetonate,1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionate,or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (for example,picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, or benzoate), a carbonmonooxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and aphosphorous ligand (for example, phosphine, and phosphate).

In an implementation, when A₄₀₁ in Formula 401 has two or moresubstituents, the substituents of A₄₀₁ may bind to each other to form asaturated or unsaturated ring.

In an implementation, when A₄₀₁ in Formula 402 has two or moresubstituents, the substituents of A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form asaturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, a plurality of ligands

in Formula 401 may be identical or different. When xc1 in Formula 401 istwo or more, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may be respectively directly connected toA₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of other neighboring ligands with or without a linker (forexample, a C₁-C₅ alkylene group, a C₂-C₅ alkenylene group, or —N(R′)—(wherein R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group) or—C(═O)—) therebetween.

The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds PD1 toPD74 below.

In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, e.g., in a rangeof about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weightof the host.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, e.g., about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness ofthe emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emissioncharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

Then, the electron transport region 180 may be disposed on the emissionlayer.

For example, the electron transport region 180 may include at least oneselected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer (ETL),and an electron injection layer.

For example, the electron transport region 180 may include an electrontransport layer alone, or may have a structure of electron transportlayer/electron injection layer or a structure of hole blockinglayer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, wherein layersof each structure are sequentially stacked from the emission layer inthe stated order.

The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer. Thehole blocking layer may be formed, when the emission layer includes aphosphorescent dopant, to prevent diffusion of excitons or holes into anelectron transport layer.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, thehole blocking layer may be formed on the emission layer by using variousmethods, e.g. vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, aLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole blocking layer is formed byvacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions forthe hole blocking layer may be determined by referring to the depositionand coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole blocking layer may include, e.g., at least one of BCP andBphen.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Åto about 1,000 Å, e.g., about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness ofthe hole blocking layer is within these ranges, the hole blocking layermay have excellent hole blocking characteristics without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include an electron transport layer.The electron transport layer may be formed on the emission layer or thehole blocking layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition,spin coating casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, orlaser-induced thermal imaging. When an electron transport layer isformed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coatingconditions for the electron transport layer may be the same as thedeposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The electron transport layer may further include at least one selectedfrom BCP, Bphen, Alq₃, Balq, TAZ, and NTAZ.

In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may further include atleast one of compounds represented by Formula 601 below.Ar₆₀₁-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-E₆₀₁]_(xe2)  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided inconnection with Ar₃₀₁;

a description of L₆₀₁ may be understood by referring to the descriptionprovided in connection with L₂₀₁;

E₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, carbazolyl, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinylgroup, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, benzoimidazolyl, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, isobenzothiazolyl, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthylgroup, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, apurinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group;

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In some embodiments, the electron transport layer may further include atleast one of compounds represented by Formula 602 below.

In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁ may be N or C-(L₆₁₁)_(xe611)-R₆₁₁, X₆₁₂ may be N orC-(L₆₁₂)_(xe612)-R₆₁₂, X₆₁₃ may be N or C-(L₆₁₃)_(xe613)-R₆₁₃, and atleast one selected from X₆₁₁ to X₆₁₃ may be N;

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₆ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, afluorenyl group, a Spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xe611 to xe616 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and/or the compound representedby Formula 602 may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET15illustrated below.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1,000 Å, e.g., about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within the range describedabove, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electrontransport characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

In an implementation, the electron transport layer may further include,in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containingmaterial.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complexmay include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may be formed on the electron transportlayer by using a suitable method, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coatingcasting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-inducedthermal imaging. When an electron injection layer is formed by vacuumdeposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for theelectron injection layer may be the same as those for the hole injectionlayer.

The electron injection layer may include, e.g., at least one selectedfrom LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1Å to about 100 Å, e.g., about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness ofthe electron injection layer is within the range described above, theelectron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injectioncharacteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150 havingsuch a structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode which is anelectron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for thesecond electrode 190 may be selected from a metal, an alloy, anelectrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof, which have arelatively low work function. Examples of the material for the secondelectrode 190 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), ormagnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, the material for formingthe second electrode 190 may be ITO or IZO. The second electrode 190 maybe a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or atransmissive electrode.

In an implementation, the location of the emission auxiliary layer 140in the hole transport region 130 may vary. In this regard, a materialincluded in the emission auxiliary layer may be different from amaterial included in the hole transport layer.

Hereinbefore, an organic light-emitting device 10 has been described inconnection with FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device 20 according to another embodiment.

In an implementation, an emission auxiliary layer 240 may be locatedadjacent to, e.g., directly adjacent to, an emission layer 260. In thisregard, a material included in the emission auxiliary layer 240 may bedifferent from a material included in a hole transport layer.

Descriptions of a first electrode 210, a hole transport region 230, theemission auxiliary layer 240, an organic layer 250, the emission layer260, an electron transport region 280, and a second electrode 290 may bethe same as provided in connection with FIG. 1.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device 20 has been describedwith reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device 30 according to an embodiment.

The organic light-emitting device 300 of FIG. 3 may include a substrate310, which may be patterned according to or may include a firstsub-pixel region, a second sub-pixel region, and a third sub-pixelregion.

A first sub-pixel may be formed in or on the first sub-pixel region, asecond sub-pixel may be formed in or on the second sub-pixel region, anda third sub-pixel may be formed in or on the third sub-pixel region.

First electrodes 321, 322, and 323 may be respectively disposed on thefirst, second, and third sub-pixel regions of the substrate 310. Forexample, one first electrode 321 may be disposed in or on the firstsub-pixel region, another first electrode 322 may be disposed in or onthe second sub-pixel region, and another first electrode 323 may bedisposed in or on the third sub-pixel region.

A hole transport region 340 may be disposed on the first electrodes 321,322, and 323. The hole transport region 340 may be formed as a commonlayer on the first electrodes 321, 322, and 323. The hole transportregion 340 may include a first hole transport region corresponding tothe first sub-pixel region; a second hole transport region correspondingto the second sub-pixel region; and a third hole transport regioncorresponding to the third sub-pixel region. The hole transport region340 may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1or 2.

On the hole transport region 340, an emission layer (including a firstemission layer 361, a second emission layer 362, and a third emissionlayer 363) may be formed. The first emission layer 361 may be disposedin the first sub-pixel region and may emit light of first color, thesecond emission layer 362 may be disposed in the second sub-pixel regionand may emit light of second color, and the third emission layer 363 maybe disposed in the third sub-pixel region and may emit light of thirdcolor.

In an implementation, the light of first color may be red, the light ofsecond color may be green, and the light of third color may be blue. Inan implementation, the light of first color, the light of second color,and the light of third color may be combined to generate white light.

The hole transport region 340 may include at least one selected from ahole transport layer and an emission auxiliary layer.

When the hole transport region 340 includes a hole transport layer andan emission auxiliary layer, the emission auxiliary layer may bedisposed between the hole transport layer and each of the first, second,and third emission layers 361, 362, and 363. The emission auxiliarylayer may be located adjacent to, e.g., directly adjacent to, the first,second, and third emission layers 361, 362, and 363.

In an implementation, the hole transport layer may include the condensedcyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2.

In an implementation, the emission auxiliary layer may include thecondensed cyclic compound represented by Formulae 1 or 2.

In an implementation, each of the hole transport layer and the emissionauxiliary layer may include the condensed cyclic compound represented byFormulae 1 or 2. In this regard, a condensed cyclic compound included inthe hole transport layer may be identical to or different from acondensed cyclic compound included in the emission auxiliary layer.

The emission auxiliary layer may include a first emission auxiliarylayer, a second emission auxiliary layer, and a third emission auxiliarylayer. The first emission auxiliary layer may be formed in or on thefirst sub-pixel region, the second emission auxiliary layer may beformed in or on the second sub-pixel region, and the third emissionauxiliary layer may be formed in or on the third sub-pixel region.

An electron transport region 370 may be formed on the first, second, andthird emission layers 361, 362, and 363. The electron transport region370 may be formed as a common layer on the first, second, and thirdemission layers 361, 362, and 363. The electron transport region 370 mayinclude an electron transport layer and an electron injection layerwhich are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first,second, and third emission layers 361, 362, and 363.

A second electrode may be formed as a common layer on the electrontransport region 370.

The term “the common layer” used herein refers to a layer that is formedin or on the first sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, andthe third sub-pixel region without being patterned according to thefirst sub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the thirdsub-pixel region.

A pixel insulating film 330 may be formed on edges of the firstelectrodes 321, 322, and 323. The pixel insulating film 330 may define apixel region, and may include a suitable organic insulating material oran inorganic insulating material, e.g., a silicon-based material, or anorganic/inorganic composite insulating material.

Descriptions of the first electrodes 321, 322, and 323, the holetransport region 340, the first, second, and third emission layers361,362, and 363, the electron transport region 370, and the secondelectrode 380 may be understood by referring to the descriptionsprovided in connection with FIG. 1.

The organic light-emitting device 300 may be included in a flat paneldisplay device including a thin film transistor. The thin filmtransistor may include a gate electrode, source and drain electrodes, agate insulating film, and an active layer, and one of the source anddrain electrodes may electrically contact the first electrodes 321, 322,and 323 of the organic light-emitting device 300. The active layer mayinclude a crystalline silicon, an amorphous silicon, an organicsemiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor.

A full-color organic light-emitting device has been explained inconnection with FIG. 3. In an implementation, the third emission layer363 may extend to the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixelregion, thereby being a common layer. In an implementation, the thirdauxiliary layer on the third sub-pixel region may be omitted. In animplementation, one of the first auxiliary layer and the secondauxiliary layer may be formed.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group used herein refers to a linear or branchedaliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, anddetailed examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propylgroup, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, a pentylgroup, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylene groupused herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group used herein refers to a monovalent grouprepresented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), anddetailed examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formedby substituting at least one carbon double bond in the middle or at theterminal of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are anethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkynylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group havingat least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminal of theC₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are an ethynyl groupand a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group used herein refers to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbonmonocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailed examplesthereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group having at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P,and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailedexamples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and atetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one doublebond in the ring thereof and does not have aromaticity, and detailedexamples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and acycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group used herein refersto a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least onedouble bond in its ring. Detailed examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailedexamples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene groupeach include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atomselected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbonatoms. A C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60carbon atoms. Examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group are a pyridinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. Whenthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group eachinclude two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group used herein indicates —OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is theC₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group indicates —SA₁₀₃(wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refersto a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to eachother, only carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may bein a range of 8 to 60) as a ring forming atom, and non-aromacity in theentire molecular structure. An example of the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group havingthe same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used hereinrefers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed toeach other, has a heteroatom selected from N, O P, and S, other thancarbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a rangeof 2 to 60), as a ring forming atom, and has non-aromacity in the entiremolecular structure. An example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent grouphaving the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group.

At least one of substituents of the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylenegroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₃₀ arylene group,substituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylene group, substituted a divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein may beselected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅); and

—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅),

Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup.

For example, at least one of substituents of the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylenegroup, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₃₀ aryl ene group,substituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylene group, substituted a divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₃₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₃₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₃₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₃₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₃₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₃₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₃₀ arythio group, a C₁-C₃₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅);

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, aphenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthrenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group,a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexcenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, and a quinazolinyl group;

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, aphenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthrenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group,a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexcenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, and a quinazolinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₃₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₃₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₃₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₃₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₃₀ arythio group, aC₁-C₃₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅); and

—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅),

wherein Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independentlyselected from a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthrenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group,a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an imidazopyridinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a hydrogen, a C₁-C₃₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₃₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₃₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₃₀ alkoxygroup, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclooctyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohepcenyl group, acyclohepcenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, and aquinazolinyl group.

The term “Ph” used herein refers to phenyl group, the term “Me” usedherein refers to methyl group, the term “Et” used herein refers to ethylgroup, and the term “ter-Bu” or “But” used herein refers to tert-butyl.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentwill be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples andExamples. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describingSynthesis Examples means that a molar equivalent of A was identical to amolar equivalent of B.

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order tohighlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will beunderstood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are theComparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of theembodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are notlimited to the particular details described in the Examples andComparative Examples.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

1) Synthesis of Intermediate I-2

10 g (30.84 mmol) of Compound I-1 was dissolved in 170 ml oftetrahydrofuran, and then, stirred at a temperature of −78° C. 20.24 ml(32.39 mmol) of 1.6 M n-BuLi was slowly added thereto, and at atemperature of −78° C., the result was stirred for 30 minutes. 7.55 ml(37.01 mmol) of isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolane wasslowly added thereto, and stirred at a temperature of −78° C. for 6hours. Once the reaction was complete, 100 ml of distilled water wasadded thereto, and then an extraction process was performed thereon byusing ethyl acetate. The result was dried by using magnesium sulfate,filtered, and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation.Thereafter, column chromatography was performed thereon to obtain 8.24 g(yield of 72%) of Intermediate I-2(N,N-diphenyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)aniline).

2) Synthesis of Intermediate I-4

5 g (17.12 mmol) of Compound I-3, 4.19 g (20.54 mmol) of4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, and 989 mg (0.86 mmol)of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) were dissolved in 43 ml of 2M K₂CO₃ (aqueous solution) and 50 ml of toluene, and then, the resultwas stirred at a temperature of 110° C. for 8 hours while refluxing.Once the reaction was complete, 40 ml of cold distilled water was addedthereto, and then an extraction process was performed thereon by usingethyl acetate. The result was dried by using magnesium sulfate,filtered, and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation.Thereafter, column chromatography was performed thereon to obtain 3.37 g(yield of 69%) of Intermediate I-4 (2,3-diphenylbenzo[b]thiophene).

3) Synthesis of Intermediate I-5

3 g (10.48 mmol) of Intermediate I-4 was dissolved in 30 ml of an aceticacid and 30 ml of chloroform, and then, 1.96 g (11.00 mmol) ofN-bromosuccinimide was added thereto, and the result was stirred atambient temperature for 1 hour. Once the reaction was complete, 30 ml ofcold distilled water was added thereto, and then, saturated Na₂CO₃solution was added thereto to neutralize the reaction solution, whichwas then subjected to an extraction process using thyl acetate. Theresult was dried by using magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then, asolvent was removed therefrom by evaporation. Then, columnchromatography was performed thereon to obtain 3.45 g (yield of 90%) ofIntermediate I-5 (6-bromo-2,3-diphenylbenzo[b]thiophene).

4) Synthesis of Compound 1

3 g (8.21 mmol) of Intermediate I-5, 3.66 g (9.86 mmol) of IntermediateI-2, and 475 mg (0.41 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)were dissolved in 21 ml of 2 M K₂CO₃ (aqueous solution) and 30 ml oftoluene, and then, the result was stirred at a temperature of 110° C.for 8 hours while refluxing. Once the reaction was complete, 24 ml ofcold distilled water was added thereto, and then an extraction processwas performed thereon by using ethyl acetate. The result was dried byusing magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then, a solvent was removedtherefrom by evaporation. Thereafter, column chromatography wasperformed thereon to obtain 3.88 g (yield of 89%) of Compound 1(4-(2,3-diphenyl diphenylbenzo[b]thiophene-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline).

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 10

Synthesis of Intermediate I-7

160.1 mg (0.17 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃ and 70.7 mg (0.35 mmol) of t-Bu₃P weredissolved in 50 ml of o-xylene, and then, the result was stirred for 10minutes at ambient temperature. 5 g (17.48 mmol) of Compound I-6, 3.25 g(19.23 mmol) of diphenylamine, and 1 g (10.49 mmol) of t-BuONa wereadded thereto, and the result was stirred at a temperature of 160° C.for 48 hours while refluxing. Once the reaction was complete, 20 ml ofcold distilled water was added thereto, and then an extraction processwas performed thereon by using ethyl acetate. The result was dried byusing magnesium sulfate, filtered, and a solvent was removed therefromby evaporation. Then, column chromatography was performed thereon toobtain 3.21 g (yield of 49%) of Intermediate I-7(4-bromo-N,N-diphenylnaphthalene-1-amine).

2) Synthesis of Intermediate I-8

3.5 g (9.35 mmol) of Intermediate I-7 was dissolved in 60 ml oftetrahydrofuran, and then stirred at a temperature of −78° C. 6.14 ml(9.82 mmol) of 1.6M n-BuLi was slowly added thereto, and at atemperature of −78° C., the result was stirred for 30 minutes. 2.29 ml(11.22 mmol) of isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolane wasslowly added thereto, and stirred at a temperature of −78° C. for 6hours. Once the reaction was complete, 100 ml of distilled water wasadded thereto, and then an extraction process was performed thereon byusing ethyl acetate. The result was dried by using magnesium sulfate,filtered, and a solvent was removed therefrom by evaporation.Thereafter, column chromatography was performed thereon to obtain 3.15 g(yield of 80%) of Intermediate I-8(N,N-diphenyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)naphthalene-1-amine).

3) Synthesis of Compound 10

3 g (8.21 mmol) of Intermediate I-5, 4.15 g (9.86 mmol) of IntermediateI-8, and 475 mg (0.41 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)were dissolved in 21 ml of 2 M K₂CO₃ (aqueous solution) and 30 ml oftoluene, and then; the result was stirred at a temperature of 110° C.for 8 hours while refluxing. Once the reaction was complete, 24 ml ofcold distilled water was added thereto, and then an extraction processwas performed thereon by using ethyl acetate. The result was dried byusing magnesium sulfate, filtered, and a solvent was removed therefromby evaporation. Thereafter, column chromatography was performed thereonto obtain 3.96 g (yield of 83%) of Compound 10 (4-(2,3-diphenyldiphenylbenzo[b]thiophene-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline).

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 20

1) Synthesis of Intermediate I-12

5 g (23.46 mmol) of Compound I-9, 11.86 g (28.16 mmol) of IntermediateI-8, and 1.36 mg (1.17 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)were dissolved in 59 ml of 2 M K₂CO₃ (aqueous solution) and 50 ml oftoluene, and then, the result was stirred at a temperature of 110° C.for 8 hours while refluxing. Once the reaction was complete, 40 ml ofcold distilled water was added thereto, and then an extraction processwas performed thereon by using ethyl acetate. The result was dried byusing magnesium sulfate, filtered, and a solvent was removed therefromby evaporation. Thereafter, column chromatography was performed thereonto obtain 9.24 g (yield of 92%) of Intermediate I-12(4-(benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylnaphthalene-1-amine).

2) Synthesis of Intermediate I-13

5 g (11.69 mmol) of Intermediate I-12 was dissolved in 50 ml of anacetic acid and 50 ml of chloroform, and then, 2.19 g (12.28 mmol) ofN-bromosuccinimide was added thereto, and the result was stirred atambient temperature for 1 hour. Once the reaction was complete, 50 ml ofdistilled water was added thereto, and a saturated Na₂CO₃ aqueoussolution was added thereto to perform a neutralization reaction,followed by an extraction process using ethyl acetate. The result wasdried by using magnesium sulfate, and filtered, and a solvent wasremoved therefrom by evaporation. Thereafter, column chromatography wasperformed thereon to obtain 4.82 g (yield of 81%) of Intermediate I-13(4-(6-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylnaphthalene-1-amine).

3) Synthesis of Compound 20

90.4 mg (0.10 mmol) of Pd₂(dba)₃ and 39.9 mg (0.20 mmol) of t-Bu₃P weredissolved in 50 ml of o-xylene, and then, the result was stirred for 10minutes at ambient temperature. 5 g (9.87 mmol) of Intermediate I-13,1.84 g (10.86 mmol) of diphenylamine, and 569.2 mg (5.92 mmol) oft-BuONa were added thereto, and the result was stirred at a temperatureof 160° C. for 48 hours while refluxing. Once the reaction was complete,30 ml of cold distilled water was added thereto, and then an extractionprocess was performed thereon by using ethyl acetate. The result wasdried by using magnesium sulfate, filtered, and a solvent was removedtherefrom by evaporation. Thereafter, column chromatography wasperformed thereon to obtain 4.88 g (yield of 83%) of Compound 20(2-(4-(diphenylan aminogroup)naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-diphenylbenzo[b]thiophene-6-amine).

Example 1

An ITO glass substrate (a product of Corning Co., Ltd) having a sheetresistance of 15 Ω/cm² and a thickness of 500 Å was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, and then, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and purewater each for 5 minutes, and cleaned by the exposure to ultravioletrays for 30 minutes, and then ozone, and the ITO glass substrate wasmounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was deposited on the ITO glass substrate to form a holeinjection layer having a thickness of 600 Å. Then, NPB was deposited onthe hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having athickness of 300 Å. Then, Compound 2 was vacuum deposited on the holetransport layer to form an emission auxiliary layer having a thicknessof 100 Å.

ADN and TBPe were co-deposited on the emission auxiliary layer at aweight ratio of 95:5 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 200Å.

Thereafter, ET1 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electrontransport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and LiF was deposited onthe electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer havinga thickness of 10 Å. Al was deposited on the electron injection layer toform a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing themanufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 11 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 17 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 27 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 43 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 46 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 49 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 50 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 9

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 58 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 10

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 61 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 11

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 65 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 12

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the hole transport layer, Compound32 was used instead of NPB.

Example 13

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the hole transport layer, Compound25 was used instead of NPB.

Example 14

An ITO glass substrate (a product of Corning Co., Ltd) having a sheetresistance of 15 Ω/cm² and a thickness of 500 Å was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, and then, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and purewater each for 5 minutes, and cleaned by the exposure to ultravioletrays for 30 minutes, and then ozone, and the ITO glass substrate wasmounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was deposited on the ITO glass substrate to form a holeinjection layer having a thickness of 600 Å. Then, HT5 was deposited onthe hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having athickness of 300 Å. Then, Compound 2 was vacuum deposited on the holetransport layer to form an emission auxiliary layer having a thicknessof 100 Å.

CBP and PD1 (Ir(ppy)₃) were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 85:15 onthe emission auxiliary layer to form an emission layer having athickness of 300 Å.

Thereafter, ET1 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electrontransport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and LiF was deposited onthe electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer havinga thickness of 10 Å. Al was deposited on the electron injection layer toform a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing themanufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 15

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 14, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 27 was used instead of Compound 2.

Example 16

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 14, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound 17 was used instead of Compound 2.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound HT3 was used instead of Compound 2.

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 14, except that in forming the emission auxiliary layer,Compound HT3 was used instead of Compound 2.

Evaluation Example

The luminescent efficiency and lifespan of the organic light-emittingdevices manufactured according to Examples 1 to 16, and ComparativeExamples 1 and 2 were measured by using Kethley SMU 236 and a brightnessphotometer PR650, and results thereof are shown in Table 1. The lifespanis a period of time that lapses until the brightness of the organiclight-emitting device was 95% of initial brightness. Herein, theefficiency and lifespan are shown as a ratio value with respect to thoseof Comparative Examples. Examples 1 to 13 were compared with ComparativeExample 1, and Examples 14-16 were compared with Comparative Example 2.

TABLE 1 Hole transport Emission Emission Example layer auxiliary layerEmission layer Efficiency Lifespan Example 1 NPB Compound 2 ADN:TBPe 1.21.15 Example 2 NPB Compound 11 ADN:TBPe 1.15 1.2 Example 3 NPB Compound17 ADN:TBPe 1.2 1.2 Example 4 NPB Compound 27 ADN:TBPe 1.3 1.2 Example 5NPB Compound 43 ADN:TBPe 1.2 1.2 Example 6 NPB Compound 46 ADN:TBPe 1.31.2 Example 7 NPB Compound 49 ADN:TBPe 1.3 1.2 Example 8 NPB Compound 50ADN:TBPe 1.3 1.3 Example 9 NPB Compound 58 ADN:TBPe 1.3 1.2 Example 10NPB Compound 61 ADN:TBPe 1.3 1.1 Example 11 NPB Compound 65 ADN:TBPe1.25 1.1 Example 12 Compound 32 Compound 2 ADN:TBPe 1.2 1.2 Example 13Compound 25 Compound 2 ADN:TBPe 1.2 1.1 Example 14 HT3 Compound 2CBP:PD1 1.1 1.35 Example 15 HT3 Compound 27 CBP:PD1 1.05 1.2 Example 16HT3 Compound 17 CBP:PD1 1.1 1.2 Comparative NPB HT3 ADN:TBPe 1 1 Example1 Comparative NPB HT3 CBP:PD1 1 1 Example 2

From Table 1, it may be seen that the luminescent efficiency andlifespan of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according toExamples 1 to 16 are higher than the luminescent efficiency and lifespanof the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according toComparative Examples 1 and 2.

According to embodiments, an organic light-emitting device including thecondensed cyclic compound may have a low driving voltage, highefficiency, high luminance, and long lifespan.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art asof the filing of the present application, features, characteristics,and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment maybe used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwisespecifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those ofskill in the art that various changes in form and details may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention asset forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A condensed cyclic compound represented by one ofthe following Formulae 1 or 2:

wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2, X₁₁ is selected from a sulfur (S) atom, anoxygen (O) atom, and N(R₁₇); X₂₁ is selected from a sulfur (S) atom, anoxygen (O) atom, and N(R₂₇); R₁₇ and R₂₇ are each independently selectedfrom a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; R₁₁ is selected from ahydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group; R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆ are each independentlyselected from a group represented by the following Formula 8-1, ahydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group; R₂₁ is a group represented by the followingFormula 8-2;

at least one selected from R₁₂ to R₁₆ is a group represented by Formula8-1; at least one selected from R₂₂ to R₂₆ is a group represented byFormula 8-1; wherein, in Formulae 8-1 and 8-2, L₈₁ and L₈₂ are eachindependently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromaticcondensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; a81 and a82 are eachindependently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; R₈₁ to R₈₄ are eachindependently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; R₈₁ and R₈₂ are separatefrom one another or N, R₈₁, and R₈₂ are bound to form a carbazole group;R₈₃ and R₈₄ are separate from one another or N, R₈₃ and R₈₄ are bound toform a carbazole group; and * indicates a binding site to a neighboringatom.
 2. The condensed cyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, whereinR₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ are each independently selected from: a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propylgroup, a butyl group, pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, anoctyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenylgroup, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, aheptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, abenzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinylgroup, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group,a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group,a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolylgroup, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and aphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group,an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); wherein Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ areeach independently selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup.
 3. The condensed cyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, whereinR₁₁, R₁₇, and R₂₇ are each independently a group represented by one ofthe following Formulae 5-1 to 5-10:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-10, Y₅₁ is selected from C(R₅₃)(R₅₄),Si(R₅₃)(R₅₄), N(R₅₃), O, and S; R₅₁ to R₅₄ are each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ are each independently selected from amethyl group, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and anaphthyl group; a51 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; a52 is selectedfrom 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; a53 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;a54 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; a55 is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 4. The condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆are each independently selected from: a group represented by Formula8-1, a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, a hexyl group, aheptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a phenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group and animidazopyrimidinyl group; and a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinylgroup, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylgroup, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinylgroup, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group,a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinylgroup, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group,a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); wherein Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ are each independently selectedfrom a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.
 5. The condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₂ to R₁₆ and R₂₂ to R₂₆are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 8-1,a hydrogen, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 6. The condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, orR₁₆ are each independently a group represented by Formula 8-1.
 7. Thecondensed cyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₂₂, R₂₃, R₂₄,R₂₅, or R₂₆ are each independently a group represented by Formula 8-1.8. The condensed cyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein: atleast one of a81 or a82 is 1, 2, or 3, and L₈₁ and L₈₂ are eachindependently selected from: a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group,an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, aheptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylenegroup, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylenegroup, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group,a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group; and a phenylene group, a pentalenylenegroup, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, aheptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylenegroup, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylenegroup, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group,a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, anisobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, anisobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group,an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and adibenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinylgroup, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, and animidazopyridinyl group.
 9. The condensed cyclic compound as claimed inclaim 1, wherein: at least one of a81 or a82 is 1, 2, or 3, and L₈₁ andL₈₂ are each independently a group represented by one of the followingFormulae 3-1 to 3-11:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-11, R₃₁ to R₃₃ are each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; a31 isselected from 1, 2, 3, and 4; a32 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;a33 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; a34 is selected from 1,2, 3, 4, and 5; a35 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; and each of * and *′indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 10. The condensed cycliccompound as claimed in claim 1, wherein a81 and a82 are eachindependently 0 or
 1. 11. The condensed cyclic compound as claimed inclaim 1, wherein R₈₁ to R₈₄ are each independently selected from: aphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, abenzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group and animidazopyrimidinyl group; and a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinylgroup, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylgroup, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinylgroup, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group,a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, anindacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolylgroup, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, anindazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinylgroup, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a benzoquinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a benzoquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group,a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group,a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), wherein Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ are each independently selectedfrom a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.
 12. The condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₈₁ to R₈₄ are eachindependently a group represented by one of the following Formulae 5-1to 5-10:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-10, Y₅₁ is selected from C(R₅₃)(R₅₄),Si(R₅₃)(R₅₄), N(R₅₃), O, and S; R₅₁ to R₅₄ are each independentlyselected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ are each independently selected from amethyl group, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, and anaphthyl group; a51 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; a52 is selectedfrom 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; a53 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;a54 is selected from 1, 2, and 3; a55 is selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4;and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 13. The condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condensed cycliccompound is represented by one of the following Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and2-1 to 2-4:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-4, X₁₁ is selected from asulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom, and N(R₁₇); X₂₁ is selected from asulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom, and N(R₂₇); R₁₂ to R₁₇, R₂₂ to R₂₄,R₂₆, and R₂₇ are each independently selected from a hydrogen, adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group; R₁₁ is selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;L₈₁ and L₈₂ are each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₃₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromaticcondensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; a81 and a82 are eachindependently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; R₈₁ to R₈₄ are eachindependently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; R₈₁ and R₈₂ are separateor N, R₈₁, and R₈₂ are bound to form a carbazole group; R₈₃ and R₈₄ areseparate or N, R₈₃, and R₈₄ are bound to form a carbazole group; and *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 14. The condensed cycliccompound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condensed cyclic compound isone of the following Compounds 1 to 67:


15. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; asecond electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode andthe second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer,wherein the organic layer includes the condensed cyclic compound asclaimed in claim
 1. 16. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 15, wherein: the organic layer further includes a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer; and the holetransport region includes the condensed cyclic compound.
 17. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 16, wherein: the holetransport region includes a hole transport layer, and the hole transportlayer includes the condensed cyclic compound.
 18. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 16, wherein: the holetransport region includes a hole transport layer and an emissionauxiliary layer, the emission auxiliary layer being between the holetransport layer and the emission layer, and at least one of the holetransport layer or the emission auxiliary layer includes the condensedcyclic compound.
 19. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: asubstrate including a first sub-pixel region, a second sub-pixel region,and a third sub-pixel region; a first electrode on each of the firstsub-pixel region, the second sub-pixel region, and the third sub-pixelregion of the substrate; a second electrode facing the first electrode;an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode;and a hole transport region between the emission layer and the firstelectrode; wherein the hole transport region includes the condensedcyclic compound as claimed in claim
 1. 20. The organic light-emittingdevice as claimed in claim 19, wherein: the hole transport regionincludes a hole transport layer and an emission auxiliary layer, theemission auxiliary layer being between the hole transport layer and theemission layer, and at least one of the hole transport layer or theemission auxiliary layer includes the condensed cyclic compound.